Controversy in the Surgical Management of Achalasia Cardia
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1. Cohen S, Lipshutz W. Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction in achalasia. Gastroenterology 1971; 61(6):814-20.
2. Castell DO. Achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm.Arch Intern Med 1976; 136(5):571-9.
3. Niwamoto H, Okamoto E, Fujimoto J, et al. Are herpes virus or measles virus associated with esophageal achalasia? Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40(4):859-64.
4. Eckrich JD, Winans CS. Discordance for achalasia in identical twins. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24(3):221-4.
5. Robertson CS, Martin BA, Atkinson M. Varicella-zoster virus DNA in the oesophageal myenteric plexus in achalasia. Gut 1993; 34(3):299-302.
6. Mayberry JF, Atkinson M. Studies of incidence and prevalence of achalasia in the Nottingham area. Q J Med 1985; 56(220):451-6.
7. Feldman M, Sleisenger MH, Scharschmidt BF. Sleisenger & Fordtrans Gastrintestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. 6th Ed. Philadelphia; London: WB Saunders; 1998
8. Cassella RR, Brown AL Jr, Sayre GP, et al. Achalasia of the esophagus: Pathologic and etiologic considerations. Ann Surg 1964; 160:474.
9. Csendes A, Smok G, Braghetto I, et al. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and histological changes in distal esophagus in patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 1985;
30(10):941-5.
10. Higgs B, Kerr FWL, Ellis FH Jr. The experimental production of esophageal achalasia by electrolytic lesion in the medulla. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50(5):613-25.
11. Patti MG, Diener U, Molena D. Esophageal achalasia: preoperative assessment and postoperative follow- up. J Gastrointest Surg 2001; 5(1):11-2.
12. Sivak MV Jr., Scleuterman DA. Gastroenterologic Endoscopy. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia; London: Saunders; 2000
13. Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in movement disorders. Curr Opin Neural 1994; 7(4):358-66.
14. Pasricha PJ, Ravich WJ, Hendrix TR, et al. Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for the treatment of achalasia. N Engl J Med 1995; 322(12):774-8.
15. Pasricha PJ, Rai R, Ravich WJ, et al. Botulinum Toxin for achalasia: long-term outcome and predictors of response. Gastroenterology 1996; 110(5):1410-5.
16. Swedlund A, Traube M, Siskind BN, et al. Nonsurgical management of esophageal perforation from pneumatic dilatation in achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34(3):379-84.
17. Reynolds JC, Parkman HP. Achalasia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1989; 18(2):223-55.
18. Fennerty MB. Esophageal perforation during pneumatic dilatation for achalasia: a possible association with
malnutrition. Dysphagia 1990; 5(4):227-8.
19. Scott HW Jr, DeLozier JB 3rd, Sawyers JL, et al. Surgical management of esophageal achalasia. South Med Journal 1985; 78(11):1309-13.
20. Pai GP, Ellison RG, Rubin JW, et al. Two decades of experience with modified Heller’s myotomy for achalasia. Am Thorac Surg 1984; 38(3):201-6.
21. Vantrappen G, Hellemans J, Deloof W, et al. Treatment of achalasia with pneumatic dilatations. Gut 1971; 12(4):268-75.
22. Vantrappen G, Hellemans J. Treatment of achalasia and related motor disorders. Gastroenterology 1980; 79(1):144-54.
23. Csendes A, Velasco N, Braghetto I, et al. A prospective randomised study comparing forceful dilatation and esophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1981; 8(4):789-95.
24. Pellegrini C, Wetter LA, Patti M, et al. Thoracoscopic esophagomyotomy. Initial experience with a new approach for the treatment of achalasia. Ann Surg 1992; 216(3):291-9.
25. Swanstrom LL, Pennings J. Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia. Surg Endosc 1995; 9(3):286-92.
26. Holzman MD, Sharp KW, Ladipo JK, et al. Laparoscopic surgical treatment of achalasia. Am J Surg 1997; 173(3):308-11.
27. Ancona E, Anselmino M, Zaninotto G, et al. Eesophageal achalasia: laparoscopic versus conventional open Heller-Dor operation. Am J Surg .1995; 170(3):265-70
28. Patti MG, Arcerito M, Tong J, et al. Importance of preoperative and postoperative pH monitoring in patients with esophageal achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg 1997; 1(6):505-510.
29. Stewart KC, Finley RJ, Clifton JC, et al. Thoracoscopic versus laparoscopic modified Heller myotomy for achalasia: efficacy and safety in 87 patients. J Am Coll Surg 1999; 189(2):164-170.
30. Patti MG, Arcerito M, De Pinto M, et al. Comparison of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg 1998; 2(6): 561-6.
31. Ellis FH Jr, Crozier RE, Watkins E Jr. Operation for esophageal achalasia. Results of esophagomyotomy without an anti-reflux operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 88(3):344-51.
32. Richards WO, Clemments RH, Wang PC, et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Surg Endosc 1999; 13(10):1010-4.
33. Richards WO, Sharp KW, Holzman MD. An anti-reflux procedure should not routinely be added to a Heller myotomy. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2001; 5(1):13-16.
34. Ellis FH Jr. Oesophagmyotomy for achalasia: a 22-year experience. Br J Surg 1993; 80(7):882-5.
35. Patti MG, Pellegrini CA, Horgan S, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for achalasia: an 8 year experience with 168 patients. Ann Surg 1999; 230(4):587-94
36. Csendes A, Braghetto I, Mascaro J, et al. Late subjective and objective evaluation of the results of esophagomyotomy in 100 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Surgery 1988; 104(3):469-75.
37. Bonavina L, Nosadini A, Bardini R, et al. Primary treatment of esophageal achalasia. Long-term results of myotomy and Dor fundoplication. Arch Surg 1992; 127(2):222-7.
38. Malthaner RA, Tood TR, Miller L, et al. Long term results in surgically managed esophageal achalasia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58(5):1343-7.
39. Eckardt VF, Aignherr C, Bernhard G. Predictors of outcome in patients with achalasia treated by pneumatic dilatation. Gastroenterology 1992; 103(6):1732-8.
40. Ponce J, Garrigues V, Pertejo V, et al. Individual predictors of response to pneumatic dilation in patients with achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41(11):2135-41.
41. Zaninotto G, Costantini M, Molena D, et al. Treatment of esophageal achalasia with laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor partial anterior fundoplication: prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2000; 4(3):282-9.
2. Castell DO. Achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm.Arch Intern Med 1976; 136(5):571-9.
3. Niwamoto H, Okamoto E, Fujimoto J, et al. Are herpes virus or measles virus associated with esophageal achalasia? Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40(4):859-64.
4. Eckrich JD, Winans CS. Discordance for achalasia in identical twins. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24(3):221-4.
5. Robertson CS, Martin BA, Atkinson M. Varicella-zoster virus DNA in the oesophageal myenteric plexus in achalasia. Gut 1993; 34(3):299-302.
6. Mayberry JF, Atkinson M. Studies of incidence and prevalence of achalasia in the Nottingham area. Q J Med 1985; 56(220):451-6.
7. Feldman M, Sleisenger MH, Scharschmidt BF. Sleisenger & Fordtrans Gastrintestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. 6th Ed. Philadelphia; London: WB Saunders; 1998
8. Cassella RR, Brown AL Jr, Sayre GP, et al. Achalasia of the esophagus: Pathologic and etiologic considerations. Ann Surg 1964; 160:474.
9. Csendes A, Smok G, Braghetto I, et al. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and histological changes in distal esophagus in patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 1985;
30(10):941-5.
10. Higgs B, Kerr FWL, Ellis FH Jr. The experimental production of esophageal achalasia by electrolytic lesion in the medulla. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50(5):613-25.
11. Patti MG, Diener U, Molena D. Esophageal achalasia: preoperative assessment and postoperative follow- up. J Gastrointest Surg 2001; 5(1):11-2.
12. Sivak MV Jr., Scleuterman DA. Gastroenterologic Endoscopy. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia; London: Saunders; 2000
13. Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in movement disorders. Curr Opin Neural 1994; 7(4):358-66.
14. Pasricha PJ, Ravich WJ, Hendrix TR, et al. Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for the treatment of achalasia. N Engl J Med 1995; 322(12):774-8.
15. Pasricha PJ, Rai R, Ravich WJ, et al. Botulinum Toxin for achalasia: long-term outcome and predictors of response. Gastroenterology 1996; 110(5):1410-5.
16. Swedlund A, Traube M, Siskind BN, et al. Nonsurgical management of esophageal perforation from pneumatic dilatation in achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34(3):379-84.
17. Reynolds JC, Parkman HP. Achalasia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1989; 18(2):223-55.
18. Fennerty MB. Esophageal perforation during pneumatic dilatation for achalasia: a possible association with
malnutrition. Dysphagia 1990; 5(4):227-8.
19. Scott HW Jr, DeLozier JB 3rd, Sawyers JL, et al. Surgical management of esophageal achalasia. South Med Journal 1985; 78(11):1309-13.
20. Pai GP, Ellison RG, Rubin JW, et al. Two decades of experience with modified Heller’s myotomy for achalasia. Am Thorac Surg 1984; 38(3):201-6.
21. Vantrappen G, Hellemans J, Deloof W, et al. Treatment of achalasia with pneumatic dilatations. Gut 1971; 12(4):268-75.
22. Vantrappen G, Hellemans J. Treatment of achalasia and related motor disorders. Gastroenterology 1980; 79(1):144-54.
23. Csendes A, Velasco N, Braghetto I, et al. A prospective randomised study comparing forceful dilatation and esophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1981; 8(4):789-95.
24. Pellegrini C, Wetter LA, Patti M, et al. Thoracoscopic esophagomyotomy. Initial experience with a new approach for the treatment of achalasia. Ann Surg 1992; 216(3):291-9.
25. Swanstrom LL, Pennings J. Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia. Surg Endosc 1995; 9(3):286-92.
26. Holzman MD, Sharp KW, Ladipo JK, et al. Laparoscopic surgical treatment of achalasia. Am J Surg 1997; 173(3):308-11.
27. Ancona E, Anselmino M, Zaninotto G, et al. Eesophageal achalasia: laparoscopic versus conventional open Heller-Dor operation. Am J Surg .1995; 170(3):265-70
28. Patti MG, Arcerito M, Tong J, et al. Importance of preoperative and postoperative pH monitoring in patients with esophageal achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg 1997; 1(6):505-510.
29. Stewart KC, Finley RJ, Clifton JC, et al. Thoracoscopic versus laparoscopic modified Heller myotomy for achalasia: efficacy and safety in 87 patients. J Am Coll Surg 1999; 189(2):164-170.
30. Patti MG, Arcerito M, De Pinto M, et al. Comparison of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg 1998; 2(6): 561-6.
31. Ellis FH Jr, Crozier RE, Watkins E Jr. Operation for esophageal achalasia. Results of esophagomyotomy without an anti-reflux operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 88(3):344-51.
32. Richards WO, Clemments RH, Wang PC, et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Surg Endosc 1999; 13(10):1010-4.
33. Richards WO, Sharp KW, Holzman MD. An anti-reflux procedure should not routinely be added to a Heller myotomy. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2001; 5(1):13-16.
34. Ellis FH Jr. Oesophagmyotomy for achalasia: a 22-year experience. Br J Surg 1993; 80(7):882-5.
35. Patti MG, Pellegrini CA, Horgan S, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for achalasia: an 8 year experience with 168 patients. Ann Surg 1999; 230(4):587-94
36. Csendes A, Braghetto I, Mascaro J, et al. Late subjective and objective evaluation of the results of esophagomyotomy in 100 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Surgery 1988; 104(3):469-75.
37. Bonavina L, Nosadini A, Bardini R, et al. Primary treatment of esophageal achalasia. Long-term results of myotomy and Dor fundoplication. Arch Surg 1992; 127(2):222-7.
38. Malthaner RA, Tood TR, Miller L, et al. Long term results in surgically managed esophageal achalasia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58(5):1343-7.
39. Eckardt VF, Aignherr C, Bernhard G. Predictors of outcome in patients with achalasia treated by pneumatic dilatation. Gastroenterology 1992; 103(6):1732-8.
40. Ponce J, Garrigues V, Pertejo V, et al. Individual predictors of response to pneumatic dilation in patients with achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41(11):2135-41.
41. Zaninotto G, Costantini M, Molena D, et al. Treatment of esophageal achalasia with laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor partial anterior fundoplication: prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2000; 4(3):282-9.
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2003-01-01
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Herbert, L., & Lorton, C. (2003). Controversy in the Surgical Management of Achalasia Cardia. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 4(1). Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1927
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