The Modern Methods in the Surgical Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of the Orofacial Region: A Review of the Literature
Keywords:
MedicineAbstract
Maxillofacial and dental defects often cause detrimental effects to patient health and appearance. A holistic approach of restoring lost dentition along with bone and soft tissue is now the standard treatment of these defects. Recent improvements in reconstructive techniques over the past number of decades especially osseointegration, microvascular free tissue transfer and improvements in bone engineering have yielded excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes. This article reviews the literature on these modern reconstructive and rehabilitation techniques.
References
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10.Springer IN, Niehoff P, Açil Y et al. BMP-2 and bFGF in an irradiated bone model. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 2007; Oct 16
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15.Paquette DW, Brodala N, Williams RC. Risk Factors for Endosseous dental implant failure. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2006;50:361-74.
16.Scher E, Holmes S. Simplified transfer of intra oral bone grafts in ridge augmentation procedures. Implant. Dent. 2003;12:113-5.
17.Leung AC, Cheung KL. Dental implants in reconstructed jaws: patients’ evaluation of functional and quality of life outcomes. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 2003;18:127- 134.
18.Hidalgo DA, Pusic AL. Free flap mandibular reconstruction: a 10 year follow up study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2002;110:438-49.
19.Genden E, Haughey BH. Mandibular reconstruction by vascularised free tissue transfer. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 1996;17:219-27.
20.Burkey BB, Coleman JR. Current concepts in oromandibular reconstruction. Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. 1997; 20:607-30.
21.Robb G, Abstract commentary on free flap mandibular reconstruction: a 10 year follow-up study. Arch. Facial. Plast. Surg. 2004;6:65-8.
22.Pohlenz P, Blessmann M, Blake F, Li L, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Outcome and complications of 540 microvascular free flaps: the Hamburg experience. Clin. Oral. Investig. 2007;11(1):89-92.
23.Brown JS, Magennis P, Rogers SN, Cawood JI, Howell R, Vaughan ED. Trends in head and neck microvascular reconstructive surgery in Liverpool (1992-2001). Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2006;44(5):364-70.
24.Villaret DB, Futran NA. The indications and outcomes in the use of osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap. Head Neck. 2003;25:475-81.
25.Deschler DG, Hayden RE. The optimum method of reconstruction of complex lateral oromandibular-cutaneous defects. Head Neck. 2000;22:674-79.
26.Urken ML, Bridger AG, Zur KB, Genden EM. The scapular osteofasciocutaneous flap: a 12-year experience. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(7):862-9. 27.Rogers SN, Lakschmiah SR, Narayan B Lowe D, Brownson P, Brown JS, Vaughan ED. A comparison of the long term morbidity following deep circumflex iliac and fibula free flaps for reconstruction following head and neck cancer. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003;112:1517-25
28.Gurlek A, Miller MJ, Jacob RF, Lively JA, Schusterman MA. Functional results of dental restoration with osseointegrated implants after mandible reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1998;101:650–5
29.Shenaq SM, Klebuc MJ. The iliac crest microsurgical free flap in mandibular reconstruction. Clin. Plast. Surg. 1994;21(1):37-44.
30.Kanatas N, Rogers SN, Martin MV. A Practical Guide for Patients undergoing Exodontia following Radiotherapy to the Oral Cavity. Dent. Update. 2002;29:498- 503.
31.Shaw RJ, Sutton AF, Cawood JI et al. Oral rehabilitation after treatment for head and neck malignancy. Head Neck. 2005;27(6):459-70.
32.Ward-Booth P, Hausaman JE, Schendel S. 1999, Maxillofacial Surgery, Churchill Livingstone, England, 1610 p.
33.Watson RM, Davis DM. Follow up and maintenance of implant supported overdentures and 20 complete mandibular fixed cantilever prostheses. Br. Dent. J. 1996;181:321-7.
34.No authors listed. The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. Quintessence Int. 2003; 34(1):78-9.
35.Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of the Brånemark fixtures in type IV bone, a 5yr study. J. Periodontol. 1991;62:2-4
36.Granstom G, Tjellstrom A, Branemark P, Fornander J. Bone anchored reconstruction of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:334–43
37.Brogniez V, Lejuste P, Pecheur A, Reychler H. Dental prosthetic reconstruction of osseointegrated implants placed in irradiated bone. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 1998;13:506–12.
38.Branemark P-I. Surgery and fixture installation. Zygomaticus fixture cli¬nical procedures (ed.2). Goteborg, Sweden: Nobel Biocare AB; 1998. p.1
39.Poli T, Ferrari S, Bianchi B, Sesenna E. Primary oromandibular reconstruction using free flaps and THORP plates in cancer patients: a 5-year experience. Head Neck. 2003;25(1):15-23.
40.Ylikontiola L, Sundqvuist K, Sandor GK, Tormala P, Ashammakhi N. Self- reinforced bioresorbable poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 miniplates and miniscrews are reliable for fixation of anterior mandibular fractures: a pilot study. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2004;97:312-7.
41.Boyapati L, Wang HL. The role of platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation: a critical review. Implant. Dent. 2006;15(2):160-70.
42.Cordeiro PG, Disa JJ, Hidalgo DA, Hu QY. Reconstruction of the mandible with osseous free flaps a 10 year experience with 10 consecutive patients. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1999;104:1314-20.
2.Mukerji R, Mukerji G, McGurk M. Mandibular fractures: historical perspective. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2006;44(3):222-8.
3.Grusovin MG, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. The efficacy of various bone augmentation procedures for dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006;21(5):696- 710.
4.Mehta RP, Deschler DG. Mandibular reconstruction in 2004: an analysis of different techniques. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2004;12:288-93.
5.Brown JS, Rogers SN, McNally DN, Boyle M. A modified classification for the maxillectomy defect. Head Neck. 2000;22(1):17-26.
6.Mitchell D., 2005, An Introduction to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 380 p.
7.Urken ML, Weinburg H, Vickery C, Buchbinder D, Lawson W, Biller HF. Oromandibular reconstruction using microvascular composite free flaps. Report of 71 cases and a new classification scheme for bony, soft-tissue, and neurologic defects. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1991:117:733-744.
8.Galán Gil S, Peñarrocha Diago M, Balaguer Martínez J, Marti Bowen E. Rehabilitation of severely resorbed maxillae with zygomatic implants: an update. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2007;12(3):216-20.
9.Ylikontiola L, Sundqvuist K, Sandor GK, Tormala P, Ashammakhi N. Self-reinforced bioresorbable poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 miniplates and miniscrews are reliable for fixation of anterior mandibular fractures: a pilot study. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2004;97:312-7.
10.Springer IN, Niehoff P, Açil Y et al. BMP-2 and bFGF in an irradiated bone model. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 2007; Oct 16
11.Abukawa H, Papadaki M, Abulikemu et al. The engineering of craniofacial tissues in the laboratory: a review of biomaterials for scaffolds and implant coatings Dent. Clin. North Am. 2006;50(2):205-16.
12.Wan DC, Nacamuli RP, Longaker MT. Craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Dent. Clin. North Am. 2006;50(2):175-90.
13.Frodel JL, Funk GF, Capper DT et al. Osseointegrated implants: a comparative study of bone thickness in four vascularised bone flaps. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1993;92:449-58.
14.Van Steenberghe D, Lekholm U, Bolender C et al. Applicability of osseointegrated implants in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism: a prospective multicentred study on 558 fixtures. Int. J. Oral Maxilofac. Implants. 1990:5:272-81.
15.Paquette DW, Brodala N, Williams RC. Risk Factors for Endosseous dental implant failure. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2006;50:361-74.
16.Scher E, Holmes S. Simplified transfer of intra oral bone grafts in ridge augmentation procedures. Implant. Dent. 2003;12:113-5.
17.Leung AC, Cheung KL. Dental implants in reconstructed jaws: patients’ evaluation of functional and quality of life outcomes. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 2003;18:127- 134.
18.Hidalgo DA, Pusic AL. Free flap mandibular reconstruction: a 10 year follow up study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2002;110:438-49.
19.Genden E, Haughey BH. Mandibular reconstruction by vascularised free tissue transfer. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 1996;17:219-27.
20.Burkey BB, Coleman JR. Current concepts in oromandibular reconstruction. Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. 1997; 20:607-30.
21.Robb G, Abstract commentary on free flap mandibular reconstruction: a 10 year follow-up study. Arch. Facial. Plast. Surg. 2004;6:65-8.
22.Pohlenz P, Blessmann M, Blake F, Li L, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Outcome and complications of 540 microvascular free flaps: the Hamburg experience. Clin. Oral. Investig. 2007;11(1):89-92.
23.Brown JS, Magennis P, Rogers SN, Cawood JI, Howell R, Vaughan ED. Trends in head and neck microvascular reconstructive surgery in Liverpool (1992-2001). Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2006;44(5):364-70.
24.Villaret DB, Futran NA. The indications and outcomes in the use of osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap. Head Neck. 2003;25:475-81.
25.Deschler DG, Hayden RE. The optimum method of reconstruction of complex lateral oromandibular-cutaneous defects. Head Neck. 2000;22:674-79.
26.Urken ML, Bridger AG, Zur KB, Genden EM. The scapular osteofasciocutaneous flap: a 12-year experience. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(7):862-9. 27.Rogers SN, Lakschmiah SR, Narayan B Lowe D, Brownson P, Brown JS, Vaughan ED. A comparison of the long term morbidity following deep circumflex iliac and fibula free flaps for reconstruction following head and neck cancer. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003;112:1517-25
28.Gurlek A, Miller MJ, Jacob RF, Lively JA, Schusterman MA. Functional results of dental restoration with osseointegrated implants after mandible reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1998;101:650–5
29.Shenaq SM, Klebuc MJ. The iliac crest microsurgical free flap in mandibular reconstruction. Clin. Plast. Surg. 1994;21(1):37-44.
30.Kanatas N, Rogers SN, Martin MV. A Practical Guide for Patients undergoing Exodontia following Radiotherapy to the Oral Cavity. Dent. Update. 2002;29:498- 503.
31.Shaw RJ, Sutton AF, Cawood JI et al. Oral rehabilitation after treatment for head and neck malignancy. Head Neck. 2005;27(6):459-70.
32.Ward-Booth P, Hausaman JE, Schendel S. 1999, Maxillofacial Surgery, Churchill Livingstone, England, 1610 p.
33.Watson RM, Davis DM. Follow up and maintenance of implant supported overdentures and 20 complete mandibular fixed cantilever prostheses. Br. Dent. J. 1996;181:321-7.
34.No authors listed. The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. Quintessence Int. 2003; 34(1):78-9.
35.Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of the Brånemark fixtures in type IV bone, a 5yr study. J. Periodontol. 1991;62:2-4
36.Granstom G, Tjellstrom A, Branemark P, Fornander J. Bone anchored reconstruction of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:334–43
37.Brogniez V, Lejuste P, Pecheur A, Reychler H. Dental prosthetic reconstruction of osseointegrated implants placed in irradiated bone. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 1998;13:506–12.
38.Branemark P-I. Surgery and fixture installation. Zygomaticus fixture cli¬nical procedures (ed.2). Goteborg, Sweden: Nobel Biocare AB; 1998. p.1
39.Poli T, Ferrari S, Bianchi B, Sesenna E. Primary oromandibular reconstruction using free flaps and THORP plates in cancer patients: a 5-year experience. Head Neck. 2003;25(1):15-23.
40.Ylikontiola L, Sundqvuist K, Sandor GK, Tormala P, Ashammakhi N. Self- reinforced bioresorbable poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 miniplates and miniscrews are reliable for fixation of anterior mandibular fractures: a pilot study. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2004;97:312-7.
41.Boyapati L, Wang HL. The role of platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation: a critical review. Implant. Dent. 2006;15(2):160-70.
42.Cordeiro PG, Disa JJ, Hidalgo DA, Hu QY. Reconstruction of the mandible with osseous free flaps a 10 year experience with 10 consecutive patients. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1999;104:1314-20.
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2008-01-01
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Ó’Fearraigh, P. (2008). The Modern Methods in the Surgical Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of the Orofacial Region: A Review of the Literature. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 9(1), Page 44–47. Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1892
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