Current Antiviral Options for Therapeutic Management Of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, AntiviralsAbstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent need for effective antiviral treatments. This paper provides an overview of current antiviral options for therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on their mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and considerations for specific populations.
Methods: A literature review of several antiviral drugs have been evaluated for their effectiveness. Notable options include ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir, and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.
Results: Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir has shown promising results in reducing the risk of hospitalisation or death when administered within 5 days of symptom onset. Remdesivir has demonstrated efficacy in reducing hospitalisation rates and improving clinical outcomes in certain patient populations. Molnupiravir, has shown a reduction in rate of hospitalisation, although caution is advised regarding its use in pregnancy. Favipiravir and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine have shown varied efficacy and are not currently recommended by organisational guidelines. Considerations for special patient populations, such as pregnant individuals, are discussed. While antiviral therapies may offer potential benefits, the evidence for their use in pregnant individuals is limited, emphasising the need for a case-by-case multidisciplinary approach.
Discussion: While antiviral treatments play a crucial role in managing SARS-CoV-2 infection, more research is needed to fully understand their efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in specific patient populations. Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing severe COVID-19 presentations.
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