Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis and Treatments
Keywords:
MedicineReferences
1. Katzel JA, Hari P, Vesole DH. Multiple Myeloma, Charging Towards a Bright Future. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:301-18.
2. Oyajobi BA. Multiple Myeloma/Hypercalcaemia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;
9(Suppl 1): S4
3. Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, Caporaso NE, Goldin LR, Baris D, et al. Risk
of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent
multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States.
Blood. 2006;107:904-6.
4. National Cancer Registry Ireland. Cancer in Ireland 1994-1995 a summary. 2006.
Available from http://www.ncri.ie/pubs/pubfiles/summary2007.pdf
5. Chng WJ, Lau LG, Yusof N, Mow BMF. Targeted therapy in multiple myeloma.
Cancer Control. 2005 Apr;12(2).
6. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics 2002. CA Cancer
J Clin 2005; 55:74-108.
7. Scudla V, Ordeltova M, Bacovsky J, Vytrasova M, Horak P, Minarik J. The relationship between proliferation and apoptosis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or multiple myeloma. Haematologica.
2005;90:1713-14.
8. Mahtouk K, Cremer FW, Rème T, Jourdan M, Baudard M, Moreaux J et al. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans are essential for the myeloma cell growth activity of
EGF-family ligands in multiple myeloma. Oncogene. 2006. Nov 25;54:7180-91.
9. Rajkumar SV, Mesa RA, Fonseca R, Schroeder G, Plevak MF, Dispenzieri A et al.
Bone marrow angiogenesis in 400 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and primary amyloidosis. Clin Cancer Res.
2002 Jul;8(7): 2210-6.
10. Kimlinger T, Kline M, Kumar S, Lust J, Witzig T, Rajkumar SV. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in multiple
myeloma. Haematologica. 2006; 91:1033-40.
11. Wrobel T, Mazur G, Wolowiec D, Jazwiec B, Sowinska E, Kuliczkowski K. sVEcadherin and sCD146 serum levels in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Lab
Haematol. 2006;28:36-9.
12. Pearse R. Wnt Antagonism in Multiple Myeloma: A Potential Cause of Uncoupled Bone Remodelling. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;12,6274-78.
13. Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology and management. Annals of Oncology 2005;16:1223-31.
14. Giuliani N, Rizzoli V, Roodman GD. Multiple myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology of osteoblast inhibition. Blood. 2006;108,3992-96.
15. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Multiple Myeloma. NEJM. 2004;351:1860-73.
16. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, Lust JA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A et al. Review
of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc.
2003;78:21-33.
17. Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T, Cheung CK. Oxford Handbook of Clinical
Medicine. 7th Edition. Oxford University Press; 2007.
18. Bartels RHMA, van der Linden YM, van der Graaf WTA. Spinal extradural
metastasis: Review of Current Treatment Options. CA Cancer J Clin.
2008;58:245-59.
19. Esteve FR, Roodman GD. Pathophysiology of Myeloma Bone Disease. Best Pract
Res Clin Haematol. 2007;20:613-24.
20. Layton KF, Thielen KR, Cloft HJ, Kallmes DF. Acute Vertebral Compression Fractures in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Evaluation of Vertebral Body Oedema Patterns on MR Imaging and the Implications for Vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J
Neuroradiol. 2006;27:1732-34.
21. Birgegård G, Gascón P, Ludwig H. Evaluation of anaemia in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma: findings of the European Cancer Anaemia Study. Eur
J Haematol. 2006; 77:378–86.
22. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell R. Robbins. Basic Pathology. 8th Edition. Saunders, Elsevier; 2007.
23. Herrera GA. Renal Lesions Associated With Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Practical
Approach to Diagnosis, New Concepts, and Challenges. Archives of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine. 2009;133:249–67.
24. Park MS, Kim BC, Kim IK, Lee SH, Choi SM, Kim MK et al. Cerebral infarction
in IgG multiple myeloma with hyperviscosity. J Korean Med Sci. 2005;20:699-701.
25. Bahlis NJ, Lazaro HM. Multiple myeloma-associated Amyloidosis: is a distinctive
therapeutic approach warranted? Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2006;30:7-15.
26. Jagannath S. Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Multiple Myeloma. J Manag
Care Pharm. 2008;14 Suppl (S): S7-11.
27. Kyle RA. Diagnostic Criteria of Multiple Myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North
Am. 1992;6:347-58.
28. Kyle RA. Nonsecretory Myeloma. Myeloma Today. 2000 Oct;4(1).
29. Munshi NC. Investigative tools for diagnosis and management. Hematology Am
Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;2008:298-305.
30. Greipp PR, San Miguel J, Durie BGM, Crowley JJ, Barlogie B, Blade J et al. International Staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3412-40.
31. British Committee for Standards in Haematology et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma 2005. Available from www.bcshguidelines.com/pdf/multiplemyeloma0206.pdf
32. Hayden P, O'Driscoll A, Gardiner N, Swords J, Ni Ainghle F, Fortune A et al.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma: the St James's experience.1997-
2003. Ir J Med Sci. 2005;174:26-32.
33. Munshi NC. Plasma cell disorders: an historical perspective. Hematology Am
Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;2008:297.
34. British National Formulary 55. BMJ Group, RPS Publishing;March 2008.
35. NCI Drug Dictionary available at www.cancer.gov/drugdictionary/
36. Blad J, Cibeira MT, Rosiol L. Bortezomib: A valuable new antineoplastic strategy
in multiple myeloma. Acta Oncologica. 2005;44:440–8.
37. San Miguel J, Bladé J, Boccadoro M, Cavenagh J, Glasmacher A, Jagannath S. A
Practical Update on the Use of Bortezomib in the Management of Multiple Myeloma.
The Oncologist. 2006;11:51-61.
38. Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, Singhal S, Jagannath S, Irwin D et al.
Clinical factors predictive of outcome with bortezomib in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2005;106:2977-81.
39. Teo SK. Properties of thalidomide and its analogues: implications for anticancer
therapy. AAPS J. 2005;7:14-9.
40. Grzasko N, Dmoszynska A, Hus M, Soroka-Wojtaszko M. Stimulation of erythropoiesis by thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients: its influence on FasL,
TRAIL and their receptors on erythroblasts. Haematologica. 2006;91:386-89.
41. Yildirim ND, Ayer M, Küçükkaya RD, Alpay N, Mete O, Yenerel MN et al.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis due to Thalidomide in Multiple Myeloma. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;379:704-7.
42. Tariman JD. Lenalidomide: A new agent for patients with relapsed or refractory
multiple myeloma. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2007;11:569-74.
43. NCCN Practice Guidelines in Oncology v.2.2009. Available from
www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/myeloma.pdf
44. Renoir JM, Bouclier C, Seguin A, Marsaud V, Sola B. Antioestrogen-mediated
cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in breast cancer and multiple myeloma cells.
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2008;40:101-12.
45. Sola B, Renoir JM. Estrogenic or antiestrogenic therapies for multiple myeloma?
Mol Cancer. 2007;6:59.
46. Powell JL, Gidwani PG, Grupp SA, Kolb EA. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/991032-overview.
Updated Oct 15, 2008.
47. Gahrton G, Iacobelli S, Bandini G, Björkstrand B, Corradini P, Crawley C et al.
Peripheral blood or bone marrow cells in reduced-intensity or myeloablative conditioning allogeneic HLA identical sibling donor transplantation for multiple myeloma.
Haematologica. 2007:92:1513-18.
48. Harousseau JL, Shaughnessy J Jr, Richardson P. Multiple myeloma. Hematology
Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2004:237-56.
49. Brinker BT, Waller EK, Leong T, Heffner LT Jr, Redei I, Langston AA et al. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves overall survival after autologous
hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer.
2006;106:2171-80.
50. Pittari G, Costi D, Raballo M, Maulucci L, Baroni MC, Mangoni M. Intravenous
neridronate for skeletal damage treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. Acta
Biomed. 2006;77:81-4.
51. Yeh HS, Berenson JR. Treatment for myeloma bone disease. Clin Cancer Res.
2006;12:6279-84.
52. Terpos E, Sezer O, Croucher P, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma bone disease and proteasome inhibition therapies. Blood. 2007;110:1098-104.
2. Oyajobi BA. Multiple Myeloma/Hypercalcaemia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;
9(Suppl 1): S4
3. Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, Caporaso NE, Goldin LR, Baris D, et al. Risk
of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent
multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States.
Blood. 2006;107:904-6.
4. National Cancer Registry Ireland. Cancer in Ireland 1994-1995 a summary. 2006.
Available from http://www.ncri.ie/pubs/pubfiles/summary2007.pdf
5. Chng WJ, Lau LG, Yusof N, Mow BMF. Targeted therapy in multiple myeloma.
Cancer Control. 2005 Apr;12(2).
6. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics 2002. CA Cancer
J Clin 2005; 55:74-108.
7. Scudla V, Ordeltova M, Bacovsky J, Vytrasova M, Horak P, Minarik J. The relationship between proliferation and apoptosis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or multiple myeloma. Haematologica.
2005;90:1713-14.
8. Mahtouk K, Cremer FW, Rème T, Jourdan M, Baudard M, Moreaux J et al. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans are essential for the myeloma cell growth activity of
EGF-family ligands in multiple myeloma. Oncogene. 2006. Nov 25;54:7180-91.
9. Rajkumar SV, Mesa RA, Fonseca R, Schroeder G, Plevak MF, Dispenzieri A et al.
Bone marrow angiogenesis in 400 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and primary amyloidosis. Clin Cancer Res.
2002 Jul;8(7): 2210-6.
10. Kimlinger T, Kline M, Kumar S, Lust J, Witzig T, Rajkumar SV. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in multiple
myeloma. Haematologica. 2006; 91:1033-40.
11. Wrobel T, Mazur G, Wolowiec D, Jazwiec B, Sowinska E, Kuliczkowski K. sVEcadherin and sCD146 serum levels in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Lab
Haematol. 2006;28:36-9.
12. Pearse R. Wnt Antagonism in Multiple Myeloma: A Potential Cause of Uncoupled Bone Remodelling. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;12,6274-78.
13. Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology and management. Annals of Oncology 2005;16:1223-31.
14. Giuliani N, Rizzoli V, Roodman GD. Multiple myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology of osteoblast inhibition. Blood. 2006;108,3992-96.
15. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Multiple Myeloma. NEJM. 2004;351:1860-73.
16. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, Lust JA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A et al. Review
of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc.
2003;78:21-33.
17. Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T, Cheung CK. Oxford Handbook of Clinical
Medicine. 7th Edition. Oxford University Press; 2007.
18. Bartels RHMA, van der Linden YM, van der Graaf WTA. Spinal extradural
metastasis: Review of Current Treatment Options. CA Cancer J Clin.
2008;58:245-59.
19. Esteve FR, Roodman GD. Pathophysiology of Myeloma Bone Disease. Best Pract
Res Clin Haematol. 2007;20:613-24.
20. Layton KF, Thielen KR, Cloft HJ, Kallmes DF. Acute Vertebral Compression Fractures in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Evaluation of Vertebral Body Oedema Patterns on MR Imaging and the Implications for Vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J
Neuroradiol. 2006;27:1732-34.
21. Birgegård G, Gascón P, Ludwig H. Evaluation of anaemia in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma: findings of the European Cancer Anaemia Study. Eur
J Haematol. 2006; 77:378–86.
22. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell R. Robbins. Basic Pathology. 8th Edition. Saunders, Elsevier; 2007.
23. Herrera GA. Renal Lesions Associated With Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Practical
Approach to Diagnosis, New Concepts, and Challenges. Archives of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine. 2009;133:249–67.
24. Park MS, Kim BC, Kim IK, Lee SH, Choi SM, Kim MK et al. Cerebral infarction
in IgG multiple myeloma with hyperviscosity. J Korean Med Sci. 2005;20:699-701.
25. Bahlis NJ, Lazaro HM. Multiple myeloma-associated Amyloidosis: is a distinctive
therapeutic approach warranted? Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2006;30:7-15.
26. Jagannath S. Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Multiple Myeloma. J Manag
Care Pharm. 2008;14 Suppl (S): S7-11.
27. Kyle RA. Diagnostic Criteria of Multiple Myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North
Am. 1992;6:347-58.
28. Kyle RA. Nonsecretory Myeloma. Myeloma Today. 2000 Oct;4(1).
29. Munshi NC. Investigative tools for diagnosis and management. Hematology Am
Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;2008:298-305.
30. Greipp PR, San Miguel J, Durie BGM, Crowley JJ, Barlogie B, Blade J et al. International Staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3412-40.
31. British Committee for Standards in Haematology et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma 2005. Available from www.bcshguidelines.com/pdf/multiplemyeloma0206.pdf
32. Hayden P, O'Driscoll A, Gardiner N, Swords J, Ni Ainghle F, Fortune A et al.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma: the St James's experience.1997-
2003. Ir J Med Sci. 2005;174:26-32.
33. Munshi NC. Plasma cell disorders: an historical perspective. Hematology Am
Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;2008:297.
34. British National Formulary 55. BMJ Group, RPS Publishing;March 2008.
35. NCI Drug Dictionary available at www.cancer.gov/drugdictionary/
36. Blad J, Cibeira MT, Rosiol L. Bortezomib: A valuable new antineoplastic strategy
in multiple myeloma. Acta Oncologica. 2005;44:440–8.
37. San Miguel J, Bladé J, Boccadoro M, Cavenagh J, Glasmacher A, Jagannath S. A
Practical Update on the Use of Bortezomib in the Management of Multiple Myeloma.
The Oncologist. 2006;11:51-61.
38. Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, Singhal S, Jagannath S, Irwin D et al.
Clinical factors predictive of outcome with bortezomib in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2005;106:2977-81.
39. Teo SK. Properties of thalidomide and its analogues: implications for anticancer
therapy. AAPS J. 2005;7:14-9.
40. Grzasko N, Dmoszynska A, Hus M, Soroka-Wojtaszko M. Stimulation of erythropoiesis by thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients: its influence on FasL,
TRAIL and their receptors on erythroblasts. Haematologica. 2006;91:386-89.
41. Yildirim ND, Ayer M, Küçükkaya RD, Alpay N, Mete O, Yenerel MN et al.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis due to Thalidomide in Multiple Myeloma. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;379:704-7.
42. Tariman JD. Lenalidomide: A new agent for patients with relapsed or refractory
multiple myeloma. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2007;11:569-74.
43. NCCN Practice Guidelines in Oncology v.2.2009. Available from
www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/myeloma.pdf
44. Renoir JM, Bouclier C, Seguin A, Marsaud V, Sola B. Antioestrogen-mediated
cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in breast cancer and multiple myeloma cells.
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2008;40:101-12.
45. Sola B, Renoir JM. Estrogenic or antiestrogenic therapies for multiple myeloma?
Mol Cancer. 2007;6:59.
46. Powell JL, Gidwani PG, Grupp SA, Kolb EA. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/991032-overview.
Updated Oct 15, 2008.
47. Gahrton G, Iacobelli S, Bandini G, Björkstrand B, Corradini P, Crawley C et al.
Peripheral blood or bone marrow cells in reduced-intensity or myeloablative conditioning allogeneic HLA identical sibling donor transplantation for multiple myeloma.
Haematologica. 2007:92:1513-18.
48. Harousseau JL, Shaughnessy J Jr, Richardson P. Multiple myeloma. Hematology
Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2004:237-56.
49. Brinker BT, Waller EK, Leong T, Heffner LT Jr, Redei I, Langston AA et al. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves overall survival after autologous
hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer.
2006;106:2171-80.
50. Pittari G, Costi D, Raballo M, Maulucci L, Baroni MC, Mangoni M. Intravenous
neridronate for skeletal damage treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. Acta
Biomed. 2006;77:81-4.
51. Yeh HS, Berenson JR. Treatment for myeloma bone disease. Clin Cancer Res.
2006;12:6279-84.
52. Terpos E, Sezer O, Croucher P, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma bone disease and proteasome inhibition therapies. Blood. 2007;110:1098-104.
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2009-01-01
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Browne, C. . (2009). Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis and Treatments. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 10(1), 30–34. Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1629
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