An Insight into the Great Debate on Hormone Therapy: are its Effects on Breast Density the Link to Breast Cancer Development?
Keywords:
MedicineReferences
Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108.
2.Wider J. Women’s fear of heart disease has almost doubled in three years, but
breast cancer remains the most feared disease. [Online]. 2005 [cited 2008 Aug 22];
Available from:
URL:http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/News2?abbr=press_&page=News
Article&id=5361.
3.Martin LJ, Boyd NF. Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast
cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10(1):201-14.
4.Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW, Tritchler DL, Yaffe MJ. Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:1133-44.
5.Ursin G, Ma J, Wu AH, Bernstein L, Salane M, Parisky YR et al. Mammographic density and breast cancer in three ethnic groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:332-8.
6.Byrne C, Schairer C, Wolfe J, Parekh N, Salane M, Brinton LA et al. Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87(21):1622-9.
7.Vachon CM, van Gils CH, Sellers TA, Ghosh K, Pruthi S, Brandt KR et al.
Mammographic density, breast cancer risk and risk prediction. Breast Cancer Res
2007;9:217-25.
8.Beral V, Banks E, Reeves G, Appleby P. Use of HRT and the subsequent risk of
cancer. J Epidemiol Biostat 1999;4(3):191-210.
9.Erel CT, Esen G, Seyisoglu H, Elter K, Uras C, Ertungealp E et al. Mammographic density increase in women receiving different hormone replacement regimens. Maturitas 2001;40(2):151-7.
10.Marugg RC, van der Mooren MJ, Hendriks JHCL, Rolland R, Ruijs SHJ. Mammographic changes in postmenopausal women on hormonal replacement therapy.
Eur Radiol 1997;7:749-55.
11.Topal NB, Ayhan S, Topal U, Bilgin T. Effects of hormone replacement therapy
regimens on mammographic breast density: The role of progestins. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006;32(3):305-8.
12.Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S, Wasilauskas C, Pike MC, Ursin G.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl
Cancer Inst 2003 Jan 1;95(1):30-7.
13.Sendag F, Terek MC, Ozsener S, Oztekin K, Bilgin O, Bilgin I et al. Mammographic density changes during different postmenopausal hormone replacement
therapies. Fertil Steril 2001;76(3):445-50.
14.Lundstrom E, Wilczek B, von Palffy Z, Soderqvist G, von Schoultz B. Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: differences according
to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181(2):348-52.
15.Chen FP, Cheung YC, Teng LF, Soong YK. The relationship between mammographic density and duration of hormone therapy: effects of estrogen and estrogenprogestin. Hum Reprod 2005;20(6):1741-5.
16.Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, Seger DJ, Taplin S. Changes in breast
density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone
replacement therapy. JAMA 2001; 285(2):171-6.
17.Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women, principal results
from the Women’s health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA
2002;288(3):321-33.
18.Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement
therapy in the million women study. Lancet 2003;362:419-27.
19.Boyd NF, Martin LJ, Yaffe MJ, Minkin S. Mammographic density: a hormonally responsive risk factor for breast cancer. J Br Menopause Soc 2006;12(4):186-
93.
20.Boyd NF, Rommens JM, Vogt K, Lee V, Hopper JL, Yaffe MJ et al. Mammographic breast density as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer. Lancet
Oncol 2005;6: 798-808.
21.Stefanick ML. Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use,
and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Am J Med 2005;118 Suppl 12B:64-73.
22.Hickey M, Davis SR, Sturdee DW. Treatment of menopausal symptoms: what
shall we do now? Lancet 2005;366(9483):409-21.
23.Campagnoli C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kaaks R, Peris C, Berrino F. Progestins and
progesterone in hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. J
Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005;96(2):95-108.
24.Loprinzi CL, Michalak JC, Quella SK, O’Fallon JR, Hatfield AK, Melimark RA
et al. Megestrol acetate for the prevention of hot flashes. N Engl J Med
1994;331(6):347-52.
25.Bullock JL, Massey M, Gambrell RD Jr. Use of medroxyprogesterone acetate to
prevent menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 1975;46(2):165-68.
26.Prior JC, Nielsen JD, Hitchcock, CL, Williams LA, Vigna YM, Dean CB.
Medroxyprogesterone and conjugated oestrogen are equivalent for hot flushes: a 1-
year randomized double-blind trial following premenopausal ovariectomy. Clin Sci
2007;112(10):517-25.
27.Fournier A, Berrino F, Clavel-Chapelon F. Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies: results from the E3N cohort
study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;107(1):103-11.
28.Reid SE, Murthy MS, Kaufman M, Scanlon EF. Endocrine and paracrine hormones in the promotion, progression and recurrence of breast cancer. Br J Surg
1996;83:1037-46.
29.Eilertsen AL, Karssemeijer N, Skaane P, Qvigstad E, Sandset PM. Differential
impact of conventional and low dose oral hormone therapy, tibolone and raloxifene
on mammographic breast density, assessed by an automated quantitative method.
BJOG 2008;115(6):773-9.
30.Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, Seger DJ, Taplin S. Changes in breast
density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone
replacement therapy. JAMA 2001; 285(2):171-6.
31.Pasqualini JR. Progestins and breast cancer. Gynecol Endorinol 2007;23 Suppl
1:32-41.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Provided they are the owners of the copyright to their work, authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, in a journal or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.