The Aetiology and Management of Gastric Carcinoma in Japan
Keywords:
medicineAbstract
With the rapid development of modern technologies, Japan has increased its population's average lifespan to become the longest in the world. Since 1981, its industrial lifestyle has seen cancer as the leading cause of death in Japan, accounting for 31.1% of the total number of deaths in 2004. Gastric cancer ranked first in morbidity until replaced by lung cancer in 1992. However, it still remains an important malignancy with significant geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic differences in distribution. Although genetic factors can predispose individuals to contracting the disease, the environment, particularly diet, contributes to between one-third and one-half of all gastric cancers. There are three distinct approaches to gastric cancer treatment in Japan: endoscopic, surgical and oncological. This article describes the techniques employed in the treatment of gastric cancer in Japanese hospitals in the context of its aetiology.References
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34. Glimelis B. et al. Randomized comparison between chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportivecare in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol1997; 2: 163-168
35. Pyrhonen S. et al. Randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer1995; 3: 587-591
36. Hiki Y, Shimano H, Mieno H. et al. Modified treatment of early gastric cancer: indication groups. World J Surg1995; 19: 517
2.Chan AOO, Wong BCY. Risk factors for gastric cancer. UpToDate 2005; 9:7
3. Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberge SA. CANCER Principles & Practice of Oncology, LippincottWilliams & Wilkins. 2001
4. National Cancer Center. http://www.ncc.go.jp/
5. Bralow SP. Early gastric cancer. Up To Date2005; 13: 2
6. Honkawa Y. Honkawa Date Tribune 2004
7. Haenszel W, Kurihara M. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst1968; 40:43
8.Haenszel W, Kurihara M, Segi M, et al. Stomach cancer among Japanese in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst1972; 49:969
9. IARCWorking Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Schistosomes, Liver Flikes and Helicobacter pylori. Vol 61 of IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon. 1994
10. Chan AOO, Wong BCY. Risk factors for gastric cancer. UpToDate 2005; 9:7
11. Tredaniel J, Boffetta P, Buiatti E. et al. Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: review and meta-analysis.Int J Cancer1997; 72:565
12.Coggon D, Barker DJ, Cole RB, Nelson M. Stomach cancer and food storage. J Natl Cancer Inst1989; 81:1178
13.Magee PN, Montesano R, Preussmann R. N-Nitroso compunds and related carcinogens. In: Chemical carcinogens, Searle CE, (ed), American Chemical Society. Washington DC. 1976
14. Jones SM, Davies PW, Savage A. Gastric-juice nitrite and gastric cancer. Lancet1978; 1:1355
15.Langman MJS. Genetic influences upon gastric cancer frequency. En: Reed PI, Hill MJ, ed. Gastric carcinogenesis. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica. 1988
16. Bonney GE, Elston RC, Correa P.et al. Genetic etiology of gastric carcinoma: I. Chronic atrophic gastritis. Genet Epidemiol 1986; 3:213
17. El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH. et al. Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Nature2000; 404:398
18. ShimadaY et al. Guideline of the Treatment for Gastric Cancer, Kanehara Publishing Ltd. 2004
19. Gotoda T. Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment for Early Gastric Cancer. World Scientific2004; 1:17-37
20. Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, Ono H, Nakanish Y, Shimada T, Kato Y. Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer2000; 3: 219-225
21. Sano T, Kobori O, Muto T. Lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: endoscopic resection of tumour. Br J Surg1992; 79: 241-244
22.Clark GWB. The management of earlyoesophageal and gastriccancer, 2005Ch 5: 105
23.Gotoda T. A large endoscopic resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure for early gastric cancer, Clin Gastrtenterol Hepatol. 2005; 3: S71-73
24. Watanabe T at al. Cancer Diagnoses Residents Manual. Igaku-shoin Ltd. 2003
25. Hartgrink et al,J. O. C.2004; 11: 2969-2977
26. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association.. Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma. Kanehara Publishing Ltd. 1999
27. Hartgrink HH, van de Velde CJH, Putter H, Bonenkamp JJ, Kranenbarg EK, Songun I, Welvaart K, van Krieken JHJM, Meijer S, Plukker JTM, van Elk PJ, Obertop H, Gouma DJ, van Lanschot JJB, Taat CW, de Graaf PW, von Meyenfeldt MF, Tilanus H, Sasako M. Extended Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer: Who May Benefit? Final Results of the Randomized Dutch Gastric Cancer Group Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2004; 11: 2969-2977
28. ShimadaY et al. Guideline of the Treatment for Gastric Cancer, Kanehara Publishing Ltd. 2004
29. Wagner AD, Grothe W,BehlS, KleberG, GrotheyA, HaertingJ, Fleig WE. Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2005; 2:CD004064
30. Yasui H, Shimada Y. Chemotherapy and Clinical Trials in Gastric Cancer. Saishin-igaku Ltd. 2004
31. Chollet P, Schöffski P, Weigang-Köhler K, Schellens JHM, Cure H, Pavlidis N, Grünwald V, De Boer R, Wanders J, Fumoleau P. Phase II trial with S-1 in chemotherapy-naïve patients with gastric cancer. A trial performed by the EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group (ECSG). European Journal of Cancer2003; 9: 1264-1270
32. Ohtsu A, Shimada Y, Shirao K, Boku N, Hyodo I, Saito H, Yamamichi N, Miyata Y, Ikeda N, Yamamoto S, Fukuda H, Yoshida S. Randomized Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil Alone Versus Fluorouracil Plus Cisplatin Versus Uracil and Tegafur Plus Mitomycin in Patients With Unresectable, Advanced Gastric Cancer: The Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9205). Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2003; 1: 54-59
33. Murad A. et al. Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and methotrexate in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer1993; 1: 37-41
34. Glimelis B. et al. Randomized comparison between chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportivecare in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol1997; 2: 163-168
35. Pyrhonen S. et al. Randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer1995; 3: 587-591
36. Hiki Y, Shimano H, Mieno H. et al. Modified treatment of early gastric cancer: indication groups. World J Surg1995; 19: 517
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2006-01-01
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Tomiyama, S. . (2006). The Aetiology and Management of Gastric Carcinoma in Japan. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 7(1). Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1929
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