Resistance of Microbial Cells to Antimicrobial Agents by Efflux
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MedicineReferences
1. Poole K. Multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2001; 4(5):500-8.
2. Roberts M. Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 1996; 19:1-24.
3. George A. Multidrug resistance in enteric and other Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters 1996; 139:1-10.
4. Levy, SB. Active efflux, a common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:65- 71.
5. Hosein IK, Hill DW, Jenkins LE. Clinical significance of the emergence of bacterial resistance in the hospital environment. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:90-97.
6. Silver S. Bacterial resistances to toxic metal ions- a review. Gene 1996; 179:9-19.
7. Markham PN, Neyfakh AA. Efflux-mediated drug resistance in Gram-positive bacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2002; 4:509-514.
8. Desnottes JF. New targets and strategies for the development of antibacterial agents. TIBTECH 1996; 14:134-140.
9. McKeegan KS, Borges-Walmsley MI, Walmsley AR. The structure and function of drug pumps. Trends in Microbiology 2001; 9(2):71-79.
10. White TC, Marr KA, Bowden RA. Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1998; 382-402.
11. Nikaido H. Multiple antibiotic resistance and efflux. Current Opinion in Microbiology 1998; 1:516-523.
12. Murata T, Gotoh N, Nishino T. Characterization of outer membrane proteins OpmE, OpmD and OpmB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: molecular cloning and development of specific antisera. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2002; 217(1):57-63.
13. Zgurskaya HI, Nikaido H. Multidrug resistance mechanisms: drug efflux across two membranes. Molecular Microbiology 2000; 37(2):219-225.
14. Sharff A, Fanutti C, Shi J, et al. The role of the TolC family in protein transport and multidrug efflux. European Journal of Biochemistry 2001; 268:5011-5026.
15. Murata T, Kuwagaki M, Shin T, et al. The substrate specificity of tripartite efflux systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is determined by the RND component. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002; 299(2):567-572.
16. Hancock REW. The bacterial outer membrane as a drug barrier. Trends in Microbiology 1997; 5(1):37-42.
17. Russell AD. Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:121-135.
18. Russell AD. Antibiotic and biocide resistance in bacteria: Introduction. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92;1-3.
19. Russell AD. Antibiotic and biocide resistance in bacteria: comments and conclusions. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:171-173.
20. Poole K. Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:55-64
21. Denyer SP. Cellular impermeability and uptake of biocides and antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:35-45.
22. Gilbert P, Allison DG, McBain AJ. Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance? Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:98-110.
23. Bambeke FV. Antibiotic Efflux Pumps. Biochemical Pharmacology 2000; 60:457-470.
24. Pechere JC. Macrolide resistance mechanisms in Gram-positive cocci. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2001; 18:25-28.
25. Schmitz FJ, Higgins PG, Mayer S. Activity of Quinolones Against Gram-Positive Cocci: Mechanisms of Drug Action and Bacterial Resistance. European journal of Clinical Microbiology and infectious Diseases 2002; 21:647-659.
26. Munoz-Bellido JL, Munoz-Criado S, Garcia-Rodriguez JA. Antimicrobial activity of psychotropic drugs Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2000; 14:177-180\
2. Roberts M. Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 1996; 19:1-24.
3. George A. Multidrug resistance in enteric and other Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters 1996; 139:1-10.
4. Levy, SB. Active efflux, a common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:65- 71.
5. Hosein IK, Hill DW, Jenkins LE. Clinical significance of the emergence of bacterial resistance in the hospital environment. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:90-97.
6. Silver S. Bacterial resistances to toxic metal ions- a review. Gene 1996; 179:9-19.
7. Markham PN, Neyfakh AA. Efflux-mediated drug resistance in Gram-positive bacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2002; 4:509-514.
8. Desnottes JF. New targets and strategies for the development of antibacterial agents. TIBTECH 1996; 14:134-140.
9. McKeegan KS, Borges-Walmsley MI, Walmsley AR. The structure and function of drug pumps. Trends in Microbiology 2001; 9(2):71-79.
10. White TC, Marr KA, Bowden RA. Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1998; 382-402.
11. Nikaido H. Multiple antibiotic resistance and efflux. Current Opinion in Microbiology 1998; 1:516-523.
12. Murata T, Gotoh N, Nishino T. Characterization of outer membrane proteins OpmE, OpmD and OpmB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: molecular cloning and development of specific antisera. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2002; 217(1):57-63.
13. Zgurskaya HI, Nikaido H. Multidrug resistance mechanisms: drug efflux across two membranes. Molecular Microbiology 2000; 37(2):219-225.
14. Sharff A, Fanutti C, Shi J, et al. The role of the TolC family in protein transport and multidrug efflux. European Journal of Biochemistry 2001; 268:5011-5026.
15. Murata T, Kuwagaki M, Shin T, et al. The substrate specificity of tripartite efflux systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is determined by the RND component. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002; 299(2):567-572.
16. Hancock REW. The bacterial outer membrane as a drug barrier. Trends in Microbiology 1997; 5(1):37-42.
17. Russell AD. Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:121-135.
18. Russell AD. Antibiotic and biocide resistance in bacteria: Introduction. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92;1-3.
19. Russell AD. Antibiotic and biocide resistance in bacteria: comments and conclusions. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:171-173.
20. Poole K. Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:55-64
21. Denyer SP. Cellular impermeability and uptake of biocides and antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:35-45.
22. Gilbert P, Allison DG, McBain AJ. Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance? Journal of Applied Microbiology Symposium Supplement 2002; 92:98-110.
23. Bambeke FV. Antibiotic Efflux Pumps. Biochemical Pharmacology 2000; 60:457-470.
24. Pechere JC. Macrolide resistance mechanisms in Gram-positive cocci. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2001; 18:25-28.
25. Schmitz FJ, Higgins PG, Mayer S. Activity of Quinolones Against Gram-Positive Cocci: Mechanisms of Drug Action and Bacterial Resistance. European journal of Clinical Microbiology and infectious Diseases 2002; 21:647-659.
26. Munoz-Bellido JL, Munoz-Criado S, Garcia-Rodriguez JA. Antimicrobial activity of psychotropic drugs Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2000; 14:177-180\
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Published
2003-01-01
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Hogan, J. (2003). Resistance of Microbial Cells to Antimicrobial Agents by Efflux. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 4(1). Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1922
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