Statins- A review of benefits and risks
Keywords:
medicineAbstract
N/A
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Scandanavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with
coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival
Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389
2. Thom T et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2006
Update. A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics
Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation.
2006;113:e85-e151
3. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic
Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular
events and death with prevastatin in patients with coronary heart
disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J
Med. 1998;339:1349-1357
4. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart
Protection Study (HPS) of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin
in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled
trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22
5. Staffa et al. Cerivastatin and reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis.
N Engl J Med. 2002;346:539-540
6. McKenny JM, Guyton JR et al. Final conclusions and
recommendations of the National Lipid Association Statin Safety
Assessment Task Force. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:89C-94C
7. Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Lange 2004.
9th Ed.
8. Grines CL. The role of statins in reversing atherosclerosis.
What the latest regression studies show. J Int Cardiol 2006;19:3-
9
9. NgDS. The role of statins in oxidative stress and
cardiovascular disease. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol
Disord 2005;5(2):165-175
10. Cohn JN et al. Surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease:
functional markers. Circulation 2004;109(25 suppl 1):V31-46.
11. Leite-Moreira AF, Castro-Chaves P. Heart failure: statins for
all? Heart 2006;92:1537-1538
12. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol 2001:21;1712-1719.
13. Torzewski M et al. C-reactive Protein in the Arterial Intima:
role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte
recruitment in atherogenesis. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2000;20:2094-2099.
14. Cermak J et al. C-reactive protein induces human peripheral
blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood 1993;82:513-
520.
15. Verma S et al. A self-fulfilling prophecy: C-reactive protein
attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits angiogenesis.
Circulation 2002;106:913-919.
16. Ridker PM, Cannon CP. CRP levels and outcomes after
statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005;352:20-28.
17. Cannon CP et al. Design of the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin
Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE IT)-TIMI22 trial. Am J
Cardiol 2002;89:860-861
18. Nissen SE et al. Effect of Intensive Compared with Moderate
Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Progression of Coronary
Atherosclerosis (REVERSAL). A randomised control trial. JAMA
2004;291:1071-1080.
19. Nissen SE et al. Statin Therapy, LDL Cholesterol, C-Reactive
Protein, and Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med
2005;352:29-38.
20. Li JJ, Li YS et al. Changes of plasma inflammatory markers
after withdrawal of statin therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia.
Clin Chim Acta 2006;366(1-2):269-273
21. Acevdo M, Sprecher DL et al. Routine treatment after acute
coronary syndromes? Am Heart J 2002;143:940-942
22. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase inhibitors 2001;21:1712-
1717
23. Jensen LO, Thayssen P et al. Regression of coronary artery
atherosclerosis by simvastatin: a serial intravascular ultrasound
study. Circulation 2004:110;265-270.
24. Wilt TJ et al. Effectiveness of statin therapy in adults with
coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1427-1436
25. Law M, Rudnicka AR. Statin Safety: a systematic review
2006;97[suppl]52C-60C
26. Graham DJ, Staffa JA et al. Incidence of hospitalised
rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid lowering drugs.
JAMA 2004;292:2585-2590
27. Guyton JR. Benefit versus Risk in Statin Treatment. Am J
Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]:95C-97C.
28. Omar MA, Wilson JP, Cox TS. Rhabdomyolysis and HMGCoA reductase inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:1096-
1107.
29. Bottorff MB. Statin safety and drug interactions: clinical
implications. Am J Cardiol 2006 17;97(8A):27C-31C.
30. Igel M, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Metabolism and drug
interactions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme Areductase inhibitors (statins). Eur J Clin Pharmacol
2001;57(5):357-364.
31. US Foof and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Statins and hepatotoxity. [US Food
and Drug Administration website]:
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/00/backgrd/3622b2b_safet
y_review.pdf
32. Coden DE, Anania FA. An assessment of statin safety by
hepatologists. Am J Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]77C-81C
33. Tolman KG. The liver and lovastatin. Am J Cardiol
2002;89:1374-1380.
34. Kasiske BL, Wanner C, O'Neill WC. An assessment of statin
safety by nephrologists. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97[suppl]:82C-85C.
35. Pfeffer MA, Keeck A, Sachs FM et al. Safety and tolerability
of pravastatin in long-term clinical trials: Prospective Pravasatin
Pooling (PPP) project. Circulation 2002;105:2341-2346
36. Tonelli M, Moyé L et al, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent
Events (CARE) trial Investigators. Effect of pravastatin on loss of
renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency
and cardiovascular disease. Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:1605-
1613.
37. Sheppard J, Cobbe SM et al, for the West of Scotland
Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary artery
disease in men with hypercholesterolaemia. N Engl J Med.
1995;333:1301-1307.
38. Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL, for the Lipids and Renal
Disease Progression Meta-Analysis Study Group. Effect of lipid
reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis.
Kidney Int. 2001;59:260-269.
39. Bays H. Statin safety: an overview and assessment of the
data-2005. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97[suppl]6C-26C.
40. Brass LM, Alberts MJ, Sparks L. An assessment of statin
safety by neurologists. Am J Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]:86C-88
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with
coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival
Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389
2. Thom T et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2006
Update. A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics
Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation.
2006;113:e85-e151
3. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic
Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular
events and death with prevastatin in patients with coronary heart
disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J
Med. 1998;339:1349-1357
4. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart
Protection Study (HPS) of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin
in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled
trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22
5. Staffa et al. Cerivastatin and reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis.
N Engl J Med. 2002;346:539-540
6. McKenny JM, Guyton JR et al. Final conclusions and
recommendations of the National Lipid Association Statin Safety
Assessment Task Force. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:89C-94C
7. Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Lange 2004.
9th Ed.
8. Grines CL. The role of statins in reversing atherosclerosis.
What the latest regression studies show. J Int Cardiol 2006;19:3-
9
9. NgDS. The role of statins in oxidative stress and
cardiovascular disease. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol
Disord 2005;5(2):165-175
10. Cohn JN et al. Surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease:
functional markers. Circulation 2004;109(25 suppl 1):V31-46.
11. Leite-Moreira AF, Castro-Chaves P. Heart failure: statins for
all? Heart 2006;92:1537-1538
12. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol 2001:21;1712-1719.
13. Torzewski M et al. C-reactive Protein in the Arterial Intima:
role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte
recruitment in atherogenesis. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2000;20:2094-2099.
14. Cermak J et al. C-reactive protein induces human peripheral
blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood 1993;82:513-
520.
15. Verma S et al. A self-fulfilling prophecy: C-reactive protein
attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits angiogenesis.
Circulation 2002;106:913-919.
16. Ridker PM, Cannon CP. CRP levels and outcomes after
statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005;352:20-28.
17. Cannon CP et al. Design of the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin
Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE IT)-TIMI22 trial. Am J
Cardiol 2002;89:860-861
18. Nissen SE et al. Effect of Intensive Compared with Moderate
Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Progression of Coronary
Atherosclerosis (REVERSAL). A randomised control trial. JAMA
2004;291:1071-1080.
19. Nissen SE et al. Statin Therapy, LDL Cholesterol, C-Reactive
Protein, and Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med
2005;352:29-38.
20. Li JJ, Li YS et al. Changes of plasma inflammatory markers
after withdrawal of statin therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia.
Clin Chim Acta 2006;366(1-2):269-273
21. Acevdo M, Sprecher DL et al. Routine treatment after acute
coronary syndromes? Am Heart J 2002;143:940-942
22. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase inhibitors 2001;21:1712-
1717
23. Jensen LO, Thayssen P et al. Regression of coronary artery
atherosclerosis by simvastatin: a serial intravascular ultrasound
study. Circulation 2004:110;265-270.
24. Wilt TJ et al. Effectiveness of statin therapy in adults with
coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1427-1436
25. Law M, Rudnicka AR. Statin Safety: a systematic review
2006;97[suppl]52C-60C
26. Graham DJ, Staffa JA et al. Incidence of hospitalised
rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid lowering drugs.
JAMA 2004;292:2585-2590
27. Guyton JR. Benefit versus Risk in Statin Treatment. Am J
Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]:95C-97C.
28. Omar MA, Wilson JP, Cox TS. Rhabdomyolysis and HMGCoA reductase inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:1096-
1107.
29. Bottorff MB. Statin safety and drug interactions: clinical
implications. Am J Cardiol 2006 17;97(8A):27C-31C.
30. Igel M, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Metabolism and drug
interactions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme Areductase inhibitors (statins). Eur J Clin Pharmacol
2001;57(5):357-364.
31. US Foof and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Statins and hepatotoxity. [US Food
and Drug Administration website]:
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/00/backgrd/3622b2b_safet
y_review.pdf
32. Coden DE, Anania FA. An assessment of statin safety by
hepatologists. Am J Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]77C-81C
33. Tolman KG. The liver and lovastatin. Am J Cardiol
2002;89:1374-1380.
34. Kasiske BL, Wanner C, O'Neill WC. An assessment of statin
safety by nephrologists. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97[suppl]:82C-85C.
35. Pfeffer MA, Keeck A, Sachs FM et al. Safety and tolerability
of pravastatin in long-term clinical trials: Prospective Pravasatin
Pooling (PPP) project. Circulation 2002;105:2341-2346
36. Tonelli M, Moyé L et al, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent
Events (CARE) trial Investigators. Effect of pravastatin on loss of
renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency
and cardiovascular disease. Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:1605-
1613.
37. Sheppard J, Cobbe SM et al, for the West of Scotland
Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary artery
disease in men with hypercholesterolaemia. N Engl J Med.
1995;333:1301-1307.
38. Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL, for the Lipids and Renal
Disease Progression Meta-Analysis Study Group. Effect of lipid
reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis.
Kidney Int. 2001;59:260-269.
39. Bays H. Statin safety: an overview and assessment of the
data-2005. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97[suppl]6C-26C.
40. Brass LM, Alberts MJ, Sparks L. An assessment of statin
safety by neurologists. Am J Cardiol 2006;97[suppl]:86C-88
Downloads
Published
2007-01-01
How to Cite
O’Sullivan, S. . (2007). Statins- A review of benefits and risks. Trinity Student Medical Journal , 8(1). Retrieved from https://ojs.tchpc.tcd.ie/index.php/tsmj/article/view/1840
Issue
Section
Reviews
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Provided they are the owners of the copyright to their work, authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, in a journal or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
