Sleep and REM Behaviour Disorder- Much More than Sleep Walking
Keywords:
medicineAbstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterised by the active neurological processes which underpin
dreaming and result in the paralysis of all somatic musculature, except extra-ocular muscles and the diaphragm
for continued respiration. Recently, a sleep parasomnia, termed REM Behaviour Disorder (RBD), has been
described, in which patients physically act-out their dreams in an excited and sometimes violent manner. This
paper presents two clinical vignettes describing patients with RBD and reviews the available literature on the
subject.
Downloads
References
Neurological Disease. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000
2. Jones BE, Basic mechanisms of sleep-wake states. In: Kryger
M H, Roth T, Dement WC (eds). Principles and Practice of Sleep
Medicine, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000,
pp134-153
3. Haines DE: Fundamental Neuroscience. New York: Churchill
Livingston, 1997
4. Swick TJ. The neurology of sleep. Neurol Clin. 2005 Nov
23:967-89.
5. Siegel JM. Brainstem mechanisms generating REM sleep. In:
Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds). Principles and Practice of
Sleep Medicine, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000,
pp 112-133
6. Chase MH, Morales FR. The atonia and myoclonia of active
(REM) sleep, Annu Rev Psychol 41:557-584, 1990
7. McCarley RW, Hoffman EA. REM sleep dreams and the
activation-synthesis hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 138:904-912,
1981
8. Miller G. Neuroscience Hunting for a meaning after Midnight.
Science. 2007 Mar 9; 315(5817):1426-9
9. Hobson, J.A.; McCarley, R. "The brain as a dream state
generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream
process". American Journal of Psychatry 134: 1335-1348, 1977
10. Solms, M. Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by
different brain mechanisms, 23(6), Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 793-1121. 2000
11. R. Stickgold, J. A. Hobson, R. Fosse, M. Fosse1. Sleep,
Learning, and Dreams: Off-line Memory Reprocessing. Science
294 (5544): 1052 - 1057. 2001
12. Jessica D. Payne and Lynn Nadel1. Sleep, drams, and
memory consolidation: the role of the stress hormone cortisol.
Learning and Memory: 671-678. 2004
13. Siegel JM. Neurotransmitters in Sleep. J Clin Psych
2004;65[suppl 16]:4-7
14. American Sleep Disorders Association: International
Classification of Sleep Disorders, revised: Diagnostic and
Coding Manual. Rochester, Minn: American Sleep Disorders
Association; 1997: 177-80
15. Schneck CH, Hurwitz TD, Mahowald MW: REM sleep
behavior disorder: an update on a series of 96 patients and a
review of the world literature. J Sleep Res 2;224-231, 1993
16. Gaillard JM: Biochemical pharmacology of paradoxical sleep
. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 16 Suppl 2: 205S-230S
17. Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW: Delayed
emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men
initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep
behaviour disorder. Neurology 1996 Feb; 46(2): 388-93
18. Olson EJ, Boeve BF, Silber MH: Rapid eye movement sleep
behaviour disorder: demographic, clinical and laboratory findings
in 93 cases. Brain 2000 Feb; 123 ( Pt 2): 331-9
19. Eisensehr I, Linke R, Noachtar S, et al: Reduced striatal
dopamine transporters in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep
behaviour disorder. Comparison with Parkinson's disease and
controls. Brain 2000 Jun; 123 ( Pt 6): 1155-60
20. Schenck CH, Mahowald MW: Motor dyscontrol in
narcolepsy: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atoina and
REM sleep behavior disorder. Ann Neurol 32:3-10, 1992
21. Mahowald MW, Schneck Ch: REM sleep parasomnias. In
Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds): Principles and Practices
of Sleep Medicine, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2000, pp
724-741
22. Schneck CH, Mahowald MW: Long term, nightly
benzodiazepine treatment of injurious parasomnias and other
disorders of disrupted nocturnal sleep in 170 adults. Am J Med
100:548-554, 1996
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Provided they are the owners of the copyright to their work, authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, in a journal or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
